HTML 4.0 Entity References

Character Entity References
Mathmatical, Greek, And Symbolic Characters
Special Characters For HTML
ASCII Characters 32 - 159

Character Entity References

nbsp			no-break space = non-breaking space, U+00A0 ISOnum
iexcl	¡	¡	inverted exclamation mark, U+00A1 ISOnum
cent	¢	¢	cent sign, U+00A2 ISOnum
pound	£	£	pound sign, U+00A3 ISOnum
curren	¤	¤	currency sign, U+00A4 ISOnum
yen	¥	¥	yen sign = yuan sign, U+00A5 ISOnum
brvbar	¦	¦	broken bar = broken vertical bar, U+00A6 ISOnum
sect	§	§	section sign, U+00A7 ISOnum
uml	¨	¨	diaeresis = spacing diaeresis, U+00A8 ISOdia
copy	©	©	copyright sign, U+00A9 ISOnum
ordf	ª	ª	feminine ordinal indicator, U+00AA ISOnum
laquo	«	«	left-pointing double angle quotation mark = left pointing guillemet, U+00AB ISOnum
not	¬	¬	not sign, U+00AC ISOnum
shy			soft hyphen = discretionary hyphen, U+00AD ISOnum
reg	®	®	registered sign = registered trade mark sign, U+00AE ISOnum
macr	¯	¯	macron = spacing macron = overline = APL overbar, U+00AF ISOdia
deg	°	°	degree sign, U+00B0 ISOnum
plusmn	±	±	plus-minus sign = plus-or-minus sign, U+00B1 ISOnum
sup2	²	²	superscript two = superscript digit two = squared, U+00B2 ISOnum
sup3	³	³	superscript three = superscript digit three = cubed, U+00B3 ISOnum
acute	´	´	acute accent = spacing acute, U+00B4 ISOdia
micro	µ	µ	micro sign, U+00B5 ISOnum
para	¶	¶	pilcrow sign = paragraph sign, U+00B6 ISOnum
middot	·	·	middle dot = Georgian comma = Greek middle dot, U+00B7 ISOnum
cedil	¸	¸	cedilla = spacing cedilla, U+00B8 ISOdia
sup1	¹	¹	superscript one = superscript digit one, U+00B9 ISOnum
ordm	º	º	masculine ordinal indicator, U+00BA ISOnum
raquo	»	»	right-pointing double angle quotation mark = right pointing guillemet, U+00BB ISOnum
frac14	¼	¼	vulgar fraction one quarter = fraction one quarter, U+00BC ISOnum
frac12	½	½	vulgar fraction one half = fraction one half, U+00BD ISOnum
frac34	¾	¾	vulgar fraction three quarters = fraction three quarters, U+00BE ISOnum
iquest	¿	¿	inverted question mark = turned question mark, U+00BF ISOnum
Agrave	À	À	latin capital letter A with grave = latin capital letter A grave, U+00C0 ISOlat1
Aacute	Á	Á	latin capital letter A with acute, U+00C1 ISOlat1
Acirc	Â	Â	latin capital letter A with circumflex, U+00C2 ISOlat1
Atilde	Ã	Ã	latin capital letter A with tilde, U+00C3 ISOlat1
Auml	Ä	Ä	latin capital letter A with diaeresis, U+00C4 ISOlat1
Aring	Å	Å	latin capital letter A with ring above = latin capital letter A ring, U+00C5 ISOlat1
AElig	Æ	Æ	latin capital letter AE = latin capital ligature AE, U+00C6 ISOlat1
Ccedil	Ç	Ç	latin capital letter C with cedilla, U+00C7 ISOlat1
Egrave	È	È	latin capital letter E with grave, U+00C8 ISOlat1
Eacute	É	É	latin capital letter E with acute, U+00C9 ISOlat1
Ecirc	Ê	Ê	latin capital letter E with circumflex, U+00CA ISOlat1
Euml	Ë	Ë	latin capital letter E with diaeresis, U+00CB ISOlat1
Igrave	Ì	Ì	latin capital letter I with grave, U+00CC ISOlat1
Iacute	Í	Í	latin capital letter I with acute, U+00CD ISOlat1
Icirc	Î	Î	latin capital letter I with circumflex, U+00CE ISOlat1
Iuml	Ï	Ï	latin capital letter I with diaeresis, U+00CF ISOlat1
ETH	Ð	Ð	latin capital letter ETH, U+00D0 ISOlat1
Ntilde	Ñ	Ñ	latin capital letter N with tilde, U+00D1 ISOlat1
Ograve	Ò	Ò	latin capital letter O with grave, U+00D2 ISOlat1
Oacute	Ó	Ó	latin capital letter O with acute, U+00D3 ISOlat1
Ocirc	Ô	Ô	latin capital letter O with circumflex, U+00D4 ISOlat1
Otilde	Õ	Õ	latin capital letter O with tilde, U+00D5 ISOlat1
Ouml	Ö	Ö	latin capital letter O with diaeresis, U+00D6 ISOlat1
times	×	×	multiplication sign, U+00D7 ISOnum
Oslash	Ø	Ø	latin capital letter O with stroke = latin capital letter O slash, U+00D8 ISOlat1
Ugrave	Ù	Ù	latin capital letter U with grave, U+00D9 ISOlat1
Uacute	Ú	Ú	latin capital letter U with acute, U+00DA ISOlat1
Ucirc	Û	Û	latin capital letter U with circumflex, U+00DB ISOlat1
Uuml	Ü	Ü	latin capital letter U with diaeresis, U+00DC ISOlat1
Yacute	Ý	Ý	latin capital letter Y with acute, U+00DD ISOlat1
THORN	Þ	Þ	latin capital letter THORN, U+00DE ISOlat1
szlig	ß	ß	latin small letter sharp s = ess-zed, U+00DF ISOlat1
agrave	à	à	latin small letter a with grave = latin small letter a grave, U+00E0 ISOlat1
aacute	á	á	latin small letter a with acute, U+00E1 ISOlat1
acirc	â	â	latin small letter a with circumflex, U+00E2 ISOlat1
atilde	ã	ã	latin small letter a with tilde, U+00E3 ISOlat1
auml	ä	ä	latin small letter a with diaeresis, U+00E4 ISOlat1
aring	å	å	latin small letter a with ring above = latin small letter a ring, U+00E5 ISOlat1
aelig	æ	æ	latin small letter ae = latin small ligature ae, U+00E6 ISOlat1
ccedil	ç	ç	latin small letter c with cedilla, U+00E7 ISOlat1
egrave	è	è	latin small letter e with grave, U+00E8 ISOlat1
eacute	é	é	latin small letter e with acute, U+00E9 ISOlat1
ecirc	ê	ê	latin small letter e with circumflex, U+00EA ISOlat1
euml	ë	ë	latin small letter e with diaeresis, U+00EB ISOlat1
igrave	ì	ì	latin small letter i with grave, U+00EC ISOlat1
iacute	í	í	latin small letter i with acute, U+00ED ISOlat1
icirc	î	î	latin small letter i with circumflex, U+00EE ISOlat1
iuml	ï	ï	latin small letter i with diaeresis, U+00EF ISOlat1
eth	ð	ð	latin small letter eth, U+00F0 ISOlat1
ntilde	ñ	ñ	latin small letter n with tilde, U+00F1 ISOlat1
ograve	ò	ò	latin small letter o with grave, U+00F2 ISOlat1
oacute	ó	ó	latin small letter o with acute, U+00F3 ISOlat1
ocirc	ô	ô	latin small letter o with circumflex, U+00F4 ISOlat1
otilde	õ	õ	latin small letter o with tilde, U+00F5 ISOlat1
ouml	ö	ö	latin small letter o with diaeresis, U+00F6 ISOlat1
divide	÷	÷	division sign, U+00F7 ISOnum
oslash	ø	ø	latin small letter o with stroke, = latin small letter o slash, U+00F8 ISOlat1
ugrave	ù	ù	latin small letter u with grave, U+00F9 ISOlat1
uacute	ú	ú	latin small letter u with acute, U+00FA ISOlat1
ucirc	û	û	latin small letter u with circumflex, U+00FB ISOlat1
uuml	ü	ü	latin small letter u with diaeresis, U+00FC ISOlat1
yacute	ý	ý	latin small letter y with acute, U+00FD ISOlat1
thorn	þ	þ	latin small letter thorn with, U+00FE ISOlat1
yuml	ÿ	ÿ	latin small letter y with diaeresis, U+00FF ISOlat1

Mathmatical, Greek, And Symbolic Characters

fnof	ƒ	ƒ	latin small f with hook = function = florin, U+0192 ISOtech
Greek
Alpha	Α	Α	greek capital letter alpha, U+0391
Beta	Β	Β	greek capital letter beta, U+0392
Gamma	Γ	Γ	greek capital letter gamma, U+0393 ISOgrk3
Delta	Δ	Δ	greek capital letter delta, U+0394 ISOgrk3
Epsilon	Ε	Ε	greek capital letter epsilon, U+0395
Zeta	Ζ	Ζ	greek capital letter zeta, U+0396
Eta	Η	Η	greek capital letter eta, U+0397
Theta	Θ	Θ	greek capital letter theta, U+0398 ISOgrk3
Iota	Ι	Ι	greek capital letter iota, U+0399
Kappa	Κ	Κ	greek capital letter kappa, U+039A
Lambda	Λ	Λ	greek capital letter lambda, U+039B ISOgrk3
Mu	Μ	Μ	greek capital letter mu, U+039C
Nu	Ν	Ν	greek capital letter nu, U+039D
Xi	Ξ	Ξ	greek capital letter xi, U+039E ISOgrk3
Omicron	Ο	Ο	greek capital letter omicron, U+039F
Pi	Π	Π	greek capital letter pi, U+03A0 ISOgrk3
Rho	Ρ	Ρ	greek capital letter rho, U+03A1
there is no Sigmaf, and no U+03A2 character either
Sigma	Σ	Σ	greek capital letter sigma, U+03A3 ISOgrk3
Tau	Τ	Τ	greek capital letter tau, U+03A4
Upsilon	Υ	Υ	greek capital letter upsilon, U+03A5 ISOgrk3
Phi	Φ	Φ	greek capital letter phi, U+03A6 ISOgrk3
Chi	Χ	Χ	greek capital letter chi, U+03A7
Psi	Ψ	Ψ	greek capital letter psi, U+03A8 ISOgrk3
Omega	Ω	Ω	greek capital letter omega, U+03A9 ISOgrk3
alpha	α	α	greek small letter alpha, U+03B1 ISOgrk3
beta	β	β	greek small letter beta, U+03B2 ISOgrk3
gamma	γ	γ	greek small letter gamma, U+03B3 ISOgrk3
delta	δ	δ	greek small letter delta, U+03B4 ISOgrk3
epsilon	ε	ε	greek small letter epsilon, U+03B5 ISOgrk3
zeta	ζ	ζ	greek small letter zeta, U+03B6 ISOgrk3
eta	η	η	greek small letter eta, U+03B7 ISOgrk3
theta	θ	θ	greek small letter theta, U+03B8 ISOgrk3
iota	ι	ι	greek small letter iota, U+03B9 ISOgrk3
kappa	κ	κ	greek small letter kappa, U+03BA ISOgrk3
lambda	λ	λ	greek small letter lambda, U+03BB ISOgrk3
mu	μ	μ	greek small letter mu, U+03BC ISOgrk3
nu	ν	ν	greek small letter nu, U+03BD ISOgrk3
xi	ξ	ξ	greek small letter xi, U+03BE ISOgrk3
omicron	ο	ο	greek small letter omicron, U+03BF NEW
pi	π	π	greek small letter pi, U+03C0 ISOgrk3
rho	ρ	ρ	greek small letter rho, U+03C1 ISOgrk3
sigmaf	ς	ς	greek small letter final sigma, U+03C2 ISOgrk3
sigma	σ	σ	greek small letter sigma, U+03C3 ISOgrk3
tau	τ	τ	greek small letter tau, U+03C4 ISOgrk3
upsilon	υ	υ	greek small letter upsilon, U+03C5 ISOgrk3
phi	φ	φ	greek small letter phi, U+03C6 ISOgrk3
chi	χ	χ	greek small letter chi, U+03C7 ISOgrk3
psi	ψ	ψ	greek small letter psi, U+03C8 ISOgrk3
omega	ω	ω	greek small letter omega, U+03C9 ISOgrk3
thetasym	ϑ	ϑ	greek small letter theta symbol, U+03D1 NEW
upsih	ϒ	ϒ	greek upsilon with hook symbol, U+03D2 NEW
piv	ϖ	ϖ	greek pi symbol, U+03D6 ISOgrk3
General Punctuation
bull	•	•	bullet = black small circle, U+2022 ISOpub
bullet is NOT the same as bullet operator, U+2219
hellip	…	…	horizontal ellipsis = three dot leader, U+2026 ISOpub
prime	′	′	prime = minutes = feet, U+2032 ISOtech
Prime	″	″	double prime = seconds = inches, U+2033 ISOtech
oline	‾	‾	overline = spacing overscore, U+203E NEW
frasl	⁄	⁄	fraction slash, U+2044 NEW
Letterlike Symbols
weierp	℘	℘	script capital P = power set = Weierstrass p, U+2118 ISOamso
image	ℑ	ℑ	blackletter capital I = imaginary part, U+2111 ISOamso
real	ℜ	ℜ	blackletter capital R = real part symbol, U+211C ISOamso
trade	™	™	trade mark sign, U+2122 ISOnum
alefsym	ℵ	ℵ	alef symbol = first transfinite cardinal, U+2135 NEW
alef symbol is NOT the same as hebrew letter alef, U+05D0 although the same glyph could be used to depict both characters
Arrows
larr	←	←	leftwards arrow, U+2190 ISOnum
uarr	↑	↑	upwards arrow, U+2191 ISOnum
rarr	→	→	rightwards arrow, U+2192 ISOnum
darr	↓	↓	downwards arrow, U+2193 ISOnum
harr	↔	↔	left right arrow, U+2194 ISOamsa
crarr	↵	↵	downwards arrow with corner leftwards = carriage return, U+21B5 NEW
lArr	⇐	⇐	leftwards double arrow, U+21D0 ISOtech
Unicode does not say that lArr is the same as the 'is implied by' arrow but also does not have any other character for that function. So ? lArr can be used for 'is implied by' as ISOtech suggests
uArr	⇑	⇑	upwards double arrow, U+21D1 ISOamsa
rArr	⇒	⇒	rightwards double arrow, U+21D2 ISOtech
Unicode does not say this is the 'implies' character but does not have another character with this function so ? rArr can be used for 'implies' as ISOtech suggests
dArr	⇓	⇓	downwards double arrow, U+21D3 ISOamsa
hArr	⇔	⇔	left right double arrow, U+21D4 ISOamsa
Mathematical Operators
forall	∀	∀	for all, U+2200 ISOtech
part	∂	∂	partial differential, U+2202 ISOtech
exist	∃	∃	there exists, U+2203 ISOtech
empty	∅	∅	empty set = null set = diameter, U+2205 ISOamso
nabla	∇	∇	nabla = backward difference, U+2207 ISOtech
isin	∈	∈	element of, U+2208 ISOtech
notin	∉	∉	not an element of, U+2209 ISOtech
ni	∋	∋	contains as member, U+220B ISOtech
should there be a more memorable name than 'ni'?
prod	∏	∏	n-ary product = product sign, U+220F ISOamsb
prod is NOT the same character as U+03A0 'greek capital letter pi' though the same glyph might be used for both
sum	∑	∑	n-ary sumation, U+2211 ISOamsb
sum is NOT the same character as U+03A3 'greek capital letter sigma' though the same glyph might be used for both
minus	−	−	minus sign, U+2212 ISOtech
lowast	∗	∗	asterisk operator, U+2217 ISOtech
radic	√	√	square root = radical sign, U+221A ISOtech
prop	∝	∝	proportional to, U+221D ISOtech
infin	∞	∞	infinity, U+221E ISOtech
ang	∠	∠	angle, U+2220 ISOamso
and	∧	∧	logical and = wedge, U+2227 ISOtech
or	∨	∨	logical or = vee, U+2228 ISOtech
cap	∩	∩	intersection = cap, U+2229 ISOtech
cup	∪	∪	union = cup, U+222A ISOtech
int	∫	∫	integral, U+222B ISOtech
there4	∴	∴	therefore, U+2234 ISOtech
sim	∼	∼	tilde operator = varies with = similar to, U+223C ISOtech
tilde operator is NOT the same character as the tilde, U+007E, although the same glyph might be used to represent both
cong	≅	≅	approximately equal to, U+2245 ISOtech
asymp	≈	≈	almost equal to = asymptotic to, U+2248 ISOamsr
ne	≠	≠	not equal to, U+2260 ISOtech
equiv	≡	≡	identical to, U+2261 ISOtech
le	≤	≤	less-than or equal to, U+2264 ISOtech
ge	≥	≥	greater-than or equal to, U+2265 ISOtech
sub	⊂	⊂	subset of, U+2282 ISOtech
sup	⊃	⊃	superset of, U+2283 ISOtech
note that nsup, 'not a superset of, U+2283' is not covered by the Symbol font encoding and is not included. Should it be, for symmetry? It is in ISOamsn
nsub	⊄	⊄	not a subset of, U+2284 ISOamsn
sube	⊆	⊆	subset of or equal to, U+2286 ISOtech
supe	⊇	⊇	superset of or equal to, U+2287 ISOtech
oplus	⊕	⊕	circled plus = direct sum, U+2295 ISOamsb
otimes	⊗	⊗	circled times = vector product, U+2297 ISOamsb
perp	⊥	⊥	up tack = orthogonal to = perpendicular, U+22A5 ISOtech
sdot	⋅	⋅	dot operator, U+22C5 ISOamsb
dot operator is NOT the same character as U+00B7 middle dot
Miscellaneous Technical
lceil	⌈	⌈	left ceiling = apl upstile, U+2308 ISOamsc
rceil	⌉	⌉	right ceiling, U+2309 ISOamsc
lfloor	⌊	⌊	left floor = apl downstile, U+230A ISOamsc
rfloor	⌋	⌋	right floor, U+230B ISOamsc
lang	〈	〈	left-pointing angle bracket = bra, U+2329 ISOtech
lang is NOT the same character as U+003C 'less than' or U+2039 'single left-pointing angle quotation mark'
rang	〉	〉	right-pointing angle bracket = ket, U+232A ISOtech
rang is NOT the same character as U+003E 'greater than' or U+203A 'single right-pointing angle quotation mark'
Geometric Shapes
loz	◊	◊	lozenge, U+25CA ISOpub
Miscellaneous Symbols
spades	♠	♠	black spade suit, U+2660 ISOpub
black here seems to mean filled as opposed to hollow
clubs	♣	♣	black club suit = shamrock, U+2663 ISOpub
hearts	♥	♥	black heart suit = valentine, U+2665 ISOpub
diams	♦	♦	black diamond suit, U+2666 ISOpub

Special Characters For HTML

C0 Controls and Basic Latin
quot	"	"	quotation mark = APL quote, U+0022 ISOnum
amp	&	&	ampersand, U+0026 ISOnum
lt	<	<	less-than sign, U+003C ISOnum
gt	>	>	greater-than sign, U+003E ISOnum
Latin Extended-A
OElig	Œ	Œ	latin capital ligature OE, U+0152 ISOlat2
oelig	œ	œ	latin small ligature oe, U+0153 ISOlat2
ligature is a misnomer, this is a separate character in some languages
Scaron	Š	Š	latin capital letter S with caron, U+0160 ISOlat2
scaron	š	š	latin small letter s with caron, U+0161 ISOlat2
Yuml	Ÿ	Ÿ	latin capital letter Y with diaeresis, U+0178 ISOlat2
Spacing Modifier Letters
circ	ˆ	ˆ	modifier letter circumflex accent, U+02C6 ISOpub
tilde	˜	˜	small tilde, U+02DC ISOdia
General Punctuation
ensp			en space, U+2002 ISOpub
emsp			em space, U+2003 ISOpub
thinsp			thin space, U+2009 ISOpub
zwnj	‌	‌	zero width non-joiner, U+200C NEW RFC 2070
zwj	‍	‍	zero width joiner, U+200D NEW RFC 2070
lrm	‎	‎	left-to-right mark, U+200E NEW RFC 2070
rlm	‏	‏	right-to-left mark, U+200F NEW RFC 2070
ndash	–	–	en dash, U+2013 ISOpub
mdash	—	—	em dash, U+2014 ISOpub
lsquo	‘	‘	left single quotation mark, U+2018 ISOnum
rsquo	’	’	right single quotation mark, U+2019 ISOnum
sbquo	‚	‚	single low-9 quotation mark, U+201A NEW
ldquo	“	“	left double quotation mark, U+201C ISOnum
rdquo	”	”	right double quotation mark, U+201D ISOnum
bdquo	„	„	double low-9 quotation mark, U+201E NEW
dagger	†	†	dagger, U+2020 ISOpub
Dagger	‡	‡	double dagger, U+2021 ISOpub
permil	‰	‰	per mille sign, U+2030 ISOtech
lsaquo	‹	‹	single left-pointing angle quotation mark, U+2039 ISO proposed
lsaquo is proposed but not yet ISO standardized
rsaquo	›	›	single right-pointing angle quotation mark, U+203A ISO proposed
rsaquo is proposed but not yet ISO standardized
euro	€	€	euro sign, U+20AC NEW

ASCII Characters 32 - 159

		space
!	!
"	"
#	#
$	$
%	%
&	&
'	'
(	(
)	)
*	*
+	+
,	,
-	-
.	.
/	/
0	0
1	1
2	2
3	3
4	4
5	5
6	6
7	7
8	8
9	9
:	:
;	;
<	<
=	=
>	>
?	?
@	@
A	A
B	B
C	C
D	D
E	E
F	F
G	G
H	H
I	I
J	J
K	K
L	L
M	M
N	N
O	O
P	P
Q	Q
R	R
S	S
T	T
U	U
V	V
W	W
X	X
Y	Y
Z	Z
[	[
\	\
]	]
^	^
_	_
`	`
a	a
b	b
c	c
d	d
e	e
f	f
g	g
h	h
i	i
j	j
k	k
l	l
m	m
n	n
o	o
p	p
q	q
r	r
s	s
t	t
u	u
v	v
w	w
x	x
y	y
z	z
{	{
\|	\|
}	}
~	~

	€

	‚
	ƒ
	„
	…
	†
	‡
	ˆ
	‰
	Š
	‹
	Œ

	Ž


	‘
	’
	“
	”
	•
	–
	—
	˜
	™
	š
	›
	œ

	ž
	Ÿ

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HTML 4.0 Entity References

Contents

Character Entity References

Mathmatical, Greek, And Symbolic Characters

Special Characters For HTML

ASCII Characters 32 - 159

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